Development Of On-Line "Redox Ratio" Sensor For Molten Glass

In commercial glass compositions, polyvalent elements are present as impurities and are included as additives. The concentrations of specific redox states of these polyvalent elements greatly influence many properties of the glassmelt during processing. In the manufacture of any particular glass product, the control of the redox state of a glassmelt is considerably important. If glass manufacturers knew the concentration of each redox state of the polyvalent elements in their glass forming systems at each stage of processing, they would have an advantage.