The EU Commission has authorised a study to be carried out by Pira & Ecolas, looking at: How the P&P Waste Directive has been implemented, & its effectiveness; How to reduce environmental impact of packaging; Costs & benefits of re-usable/one-way packaging &: How to encourage re-usable packaging where environmentally beneficial. A second study on internal market aspects of this Directive evaluates its economic & social impacts, & the use by some Member States of different producer responsibility schemes to implement it. The Perchards report (UK) has been finalised. The European EA is also conducting a study on the implementation of the Directive in certain Member States, the results of which will be considered by the Commission in its report, which may recommend a revision of the packaging recycling & recovery targets to not a revision of the Directive itself.