The Campaign for Real Recycling (CRR) has filed an application with the High Court to seek a judicial review over Defra's position on co-mingled recyclables. The CRR, which campaigns for kerbside sorting collections, claims the inclusion of co-mingled collections systems in the transposition of the revised Waste Frame Directive (rWFD) into English law fails to "transpose properly" Article 11 of the Directive. Defra believes that both co-mingling and kerbside sort count as separate collection under the rWFD. The rWFD was published in March. Under Article 11, EU member states must ensure the separate collection of at least paper, glass, metal and plastics by 2015. They must also encourage "high quality" recycling. The text also states: "For the avoidance of doubt, co-mingled collection is a form of separate collection." The CRR argues that, by allowing co-mingling followed by sorting to count as separate collection, the regulations are "not a proper and legal transposition of the rWFD as a whole."