Cost-Effective N-Pasha Solar Cells With Efficiency Over 20%

This paper presents recent developments of ECN's n-Pasha (passivated on all sides H-pattern) solar cell technology. the n-Pasha cell, currently being produced on an industrial scale by Yingli Solar, is a solar cell fabricated on n-type Cz material with homogenous diffusions, dielectric passivation and printed metallization on both sides. The metallization is applied in an open H-pattern to both sides, which makes it suitable for bifacial applications.